The normal temperature range for growing lemon trees is seventy to fifty-five degrees. Below fiftyfour degrees Fahrenheit they go into dormancy, which is why much of the world’s citrus is grown in sun belts like Florida and California. But although the average temperature at Sepp Holzer’s farm is 39.5 degrees (4.2 degrees Celsius), sometimes plunging to thirteen degrees below zero during the winter, his one hundred acre property known as the Krameterhof is home to 30,000 fruit trees, including many citrus.
Holzer farms in the Lungau region, which is commonly referred to as the Siberia of Austria. Through paying careful attention to the interaction of different species, he has developed a system that creates astonishing yields, allows for an incredible diversity of plant and animal life, and uses none of the toxic additives so prevalent in standard agriculture.

Growing up on his family farm, Sepp Holzer began experimenting with nature early, taking great joy in each sprout as it emerged from the soil and surreptitiously creating fish ponds where legally none were supposed to be. His academic studies eventually persuaded him to abandon his former methods, however, and adopt the contemporary approach of pruning, fertilizing and using pesticides. To his surprise, the same plants which had thrived under his care now began to die. It didn’t take long for him to conclude that modern theories about farming were wrong, on a colossal scale.
Rejecting the advice of teachers and local farmers, he resumed his intuitive experiments, using power of observation and experiential knowledge as key tools. He learned which plants naturally promote or inhibit each other, and discovered how to create microclimates by using large stones to trap heat and establishing terraces to reflect warmth back into the earth. His maverick approach drew frequent criticism from state and local authorities, and lawsuits, fines and charges of “forest desecration” followed, based in one case on his refusal to plant a monoculture of spruce trees in favor of maintaining the diversity of fruit and other trees. More often than not he won these battles and in the process has earned the nickname “The Agro Rebel.”
With the way nature is now, it’s like an open book. You can read everything there about what is coming to us. There are so many signs already, and you know when it will happen.
Today Holzer’s practices are supported by agricultural scientists, including internationally renowned biologist Bernd Lotsch, and he is in demand worldwide, conducting workshops in Costa Rica, Bosnia, Colombia, Thailand, America and Africa. He sees a growing hunger for the information he can provide, particularly in light of the growing food crisis. “In my opinion, cities especially are full of people seeking a way back to nature,” he says. “Every city dweller could produce a lot of his own fruit and vegetables like I once did as a little boy by planting them out in flowerboxes on the balcony, terrace or front yard.”
He talked with SuperConsciousness about the lessons of nature.

SC: How is the way you see nature different from the views of those who support commercial agriculture?
SH: That kind of agriculture is an addiction for people who get money from some program that wants it to be done in a specific way. There’s an agenda. The farmer is given a particular way of dealing with the crops. Then he just does it that way and gets money from the government. That goes away from the natural thinking of observing nature. So a few people up there have the ability to control everything about the prices for the product. The teaching in the universities is very bad because the professors are already influenced. They are told what they have to teach.
SC: How do you see that relationship between mind and nature?
SH: It’s a constant communication with the animals, with the plants and with me. It’s total communication.
SC: How does that communication happen?
SH: Respect for nature is everything. Nothing is excluded. It’s a whole. The most important thing is you have to put yourself in the position of your opposite partner, the plant, animal, whatever. You are the plant, the fish as well as the human. If the earthworm feels well, that’s my main worker and I have healthy soil. If it doesn’t feel well, I have sick soil. I have sick plants, and this will come to the animals. If nothing is feeling well, the worm, the plant, the animal, then that sickness comes to the human. It all starts from the plants, the crops, the agriculture. I end up with a sick product and less crops.
For me it’s very clear that every entity has life, has consciousness. And all the time there is communication.
SC: Is it true that when you have a question about nature, you go to sleep and dream and you get your answer?
SH: If there is a problem in nature or some damage, first I try to get the reason. You have to get rid of all the junk in the brain and focus on that. Every human has a different way through nature. This is a sensibility which grows over time. There are different ways. Sometimes there’s a nearly full moon, or sometimes when I am walking, I talk with the tree. It just frees me. It’s like cleaning my mind. You have to look for a way to get rid of the problems, whether you lie down in the grass or put your mind into the water or a stone, you feel it.
Then you are free of that, and then you go to bed and sleep. What you haven’t realized while you were awake, it comes in the dream. Then you have to contemplate about it. It doesn’t take long; then you find a possible solution.
SC: You’ve referred to primeval grains, and an ancient Siberian corn grain in particular, as carrying energy and information. How does that relate to agriculture in general?
SH: If you make an experiment in plain soil, with a hybrid seed and the Siberian seed, I see that in the case of the hybrid seed, the corn doesn’t grow well. But the Siberian seed has lots of energy. It has a very high value. I can put it in plain soil as well. You don’t have to do anything, you just observe. After one week, ten days, suddenly it drills into the soil. There is the sprout and it grows into the soil. Just this observation should open many eyes.
SC: So the Siberian seed has more life force?
SH: More energy. That’s natural information. This hybrid seed is already stupid. It’s the same with plants, animals and humans. We are not an exception.
It’s like the chickens who are raised in a battery. If you put them outside, they would just die. It’s the same with humans. Outside, they don’t know anything. They would die. They become victims, and the big changes that are coming, they will experience them.
Everybody should know how to put a seed into the soil and how it grows so if there is suffering and emergency, you are able to keep it. You should know the ABCs from nature.
SC: You were talking about the energy in the seed. How do you see that relationship with the food that we eat?
SH: What I see here is that most things to eat are not real food. It’s just stomachfilling food. There is no information and no energy. Living food is only possible through diversity of plants. Then there is energy and the information in the food. Then the food will be your medicine.
SC: How important is it to put your mind on your food or your garden?
SH: For me it’s very clear that every entity has life, has consciousness. And all the time there is communication. I use healthy soil for healing things. I drink it with water. I eat uncooked plants from the pasture. You have to know, and still be natural. Not normal, but natural. Normality has become stupidity. Many have lost the natural way of thinking.
SC: For many people, the idea of growing your own food seems expensive or like it takes a lot of effort. What would you tell people?
SH: Children have to educate the adults. Children are free. They can take knowledge. They don’t have minds that are already closed. They experience the natural connection and cycles. Most adults have programming and it’s difficult for them to delete old information. That means even if they try at first to say yes, they go easily back to their old opinion. They have to delete the nonsense first for natural thinking to have its place.

It’s important to start first with the children. I’ve had big success with the handicapped and with children. I have several projects with the handicapped, and it’s amazing how fast they learn it and how much joy they have. When the parents see the success they wonder, what’s happening here? Then some ideas come. That’s just natural energy. The joy of success activates your own energy and joy of life. That’s the real miracle. The opposite is to tell somebody what they have to do. That’s suffering.
SC: You said it’s very important for people to have the experience themselves.
SH: That’s the main thing. Everybody should know how to put a seed into the soil and how it grows so if there is suffering and emergency, you are able to keep it. You should know the ABCs from nature. Everywhere I go, I’m able to survive, to live. A small place, soil, my knowledge – this gives me security. If I am not able to do this, I am isolated. I am addicted to need.
That’s the reason I have fifty apprenticeships. I have groups of students in Portugal and we are now planning an educational program for America.
Respect for nature is everything. The most important thing is you have to put yourself in the position of your opposite partner, the plant, animal, whatever.
SC: So if you know these things, you are not fearful.
SH: You lose the fear. Fear you get from outside. With the way nature is now, it’s like an open book. You can read everything there about what is coming to us. There are so many signs already, and you know when it will happen. Whether it’s raising the temperature on the planet, deserts growing, not having enough water, the damage of nature with the soil and different species is coming because of this major agriculture. It’s catastrophic. You have to realize it and act. You know it already, because you see it in nature. Nothing can surprise you.
Many thanks to Mathilda Rieger, who acted as interpreter for this interview. For more information about Sepp Holzer and his workshops visit www.krameterjof.at/en/ An English translation of his book The Rebel Farmer is currently available.
Related Multimedia:
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Farming With Nature - Permaculture with Sepp HolzerHow an Austrian Farmer simply observes nature and survives without depending on subsidies.... |
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I love Sepp Holzer's perspective of nature and his great work. Thank you for this article. Since discovering his methods I have found a use for the many big rocks that seem to pop out of the earth everywhere in my garden. They now assist the strawberries in ripening by capturing the suns heat!
This year I did something different with my garden that has proved to be an energy saver (my energy) with fabulous results.
I have a large garden, probably 100' by 50'. Around the perimeter of the cultivated area I have planted fruit trees. For the past several years I have used only a small portion of the cultivated area for my garden because I raise food for only one or two persons. In the past I would plant, set up my sprinkler system that I would turn on every day and the weeds would eventually out grow the vegetables. The slugs love damp cool areas and would populate the dense weed growth on the narrow paths seeking a meal both morning and night. It was a great energy drain to deal with all these weeds that inevitably get out of control. And then there would be the added effort of having to get out into the garden every morning and evening to catch the slugs.
These issues come, of course, with gardening in the Pacific Northwest. At least that is what I always thought. Now that has changed.
This year I picked up Steve Solomon's book Water-Wise Vegetables. This book is part of the Cascadia Gardening Series of books Steve wrote during his years as the founder of the Territorial Seed Company. The book is basically about dry land gardening, which he practiced on his "seed farm" in Oregon years ago as a result of his 15-gallon-per-minute well dropping to a 3-gallon-per-minute output . So he experimented and chronicled his results in the book explaining all the vegetable types he chose to grow, the soil conditions, fertilization practices and how they fared under dry-land gardening.
What this book influenced me to do first was to put the entire 100' by 50' area into cultivation. Of course, if I had built a commonly practiced raised bed garden my options would have been more limited. I have always gardened on the flat ground raking up 2 foot wide beds as I made pathways. Normally I would have used the common method of intensive gardening; dense planting which requires lots of water. Instead, this year I planted things way far apart, as instructed by Water-Wise Vegetables. It has a complete listing of vegetables in the back of the book with all the parameters outlined. I also made 2' wide pathways that neatly divided the large area into manageable plots. I planted potatoes, cabbages and other Brassicas and never watered them. I did the same with other starts like squash, peppers, tomatoes, etc. and seeds. Likewise, I did not water them. Spring was late in the PNW this year and I was late getting these seeds and starts planted. But the continued rain and drizzly days did the work of watering for me. Everything sprouted or took root and began to grow. My focus was on hoeing my wide paths to keep the weeds back, which was very easy work as I tackled the weeds when they were small.
Summer arrived the first week of July. At that time I was away for 10 days during the hottest spell we had yet to experience. When I returned some pathways were dense with weeds. I mention this because it is the result of another step I took in my new garden practice that I was also late in getting to, and if I had done this earlier the work load would have been different.
I ordered a nitrogen-fixing ground cover seed from Territorial called Medic. This is a low growing (4-6 inch) ground cover that smothers out other weeds. My plan was to create green pathways with this ground cover and thereby reduce even further the work of the garden. I did get to this on some paths and the ground cover is doing its job. I am very excited about this.
One other thing I did was to place 5 gallon buckets that I had drilled a small hole in near the bottom of each next to my tomato and squash plants. I fill them once a week to water these plants. They are spaced 4-6 feet apart with lots of bare ground around them. I learned from Solomon's book that dry ground also works as a mulch, something I did not know.
Over all, I have found my garden to be low maintenance by comparison to many years of doing it the old "intensive" way. I love the mobility the wide paths give me with a wheel burrow and the hoses. I love that I have only found maybe 3 or 4 slugs to give flying lessons to. I love that I water by hand only when the weather is hot, half the garden one day, half the next. I do not have to work in the garden every day, and on the days I spend an hour or two my work is with a hoe, standing and clearing away the pathway weeds.
I have only watered my potatoes twice since planting, the cabbages maybe 4 times and all are healthy and big and the cabbages are ready to harvest. The peas are just now ready to pick off of healthy, green and flowering plants. I have watered them maybe 2 or 3 times.
My thoughts of the garden are mostly about harvest now, and how I will get a jump start on the pathway cover crops next spring to continue my process of making my garden productive with minimal effort.